Articles Posted in Work Visas

This is the latest update as of Tuesday, April 6, 2010, Vermont Service Center, as of close of business on Monday, April 5, 2010, VSC had received a total of 9,525 cap-subject H-1B petitions. Of those petitions, 6,791 were “regular” cap, and 2,734 were advanced degree. All cases received before April 7, 2010, will have an April 7, 2010 receipt date. Those received on April 7, 2010 or later will bear the actual receipt date. For those submitted for Premium Processing, the clock will start on April 7, 2010. We will update once we have the California Service Center Numbers.

With all the scrutiny around H1B visas these days, clients and lawyers are always seeking alternative visas. There are not many, but we will explore the best options in the next few articles.

The Trade NAFTA (TN) category of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA),retains a strong resemblance to the H-1B category, since both categories contemplate the admission of persons of professional standing who will engage in professional-level activities. Its utility as an alternative to the H-1B category is limited, however, by the simple fact that it is available only to nationals of Canada or Mexico.

The TN category offers Canadian and Mexican professionals four obvious advantages over the H-1B category. First, an applicant for this status need not file, and obtain approval of, a nonimmigrant petition with a service center before entering the United States. A Canadian national may instead present the application at a port of entry or preflight inspection station, where processing generally takes no longer than three hours. If the TN is denied, the applicant can re apply with the necessary corrections in most cases and if no fraud was involved. A Mexican national may file an application for a TN visa directly with a U.S. consulate.

Second, Canadian TN applicants are not required to obtain approval of an LCA from the Department of Labor; this allows employers to avoid the often intrusive salary-posting and record-keeping requirements of the H-1B category. Also LCA’s take forever to obtain these days, making the process even longer.

Third, the TN category, unlike the H-1B category, does not impose a maximum period of stay. Technically, a Canadian or Mexican professional may hold TN status indefinitely, as long as he or she continues to be employed in an appropriate profession.

Fourth, there is no limitation on the number of Canadian or Mexican nationals who may be admitted in the course of a fiscal year.

The TN category of NAFTA requires each state party to admit “a business person seeking to engage in a business activity in a profession set out in Appendix 1603.D.1 [of NAFTA].” This appendix provides a listing of 63 professions with corresponding minimum educational requirements and alternative credentials. Only persons coming to work in one of these listed professions may be accommodated under the TN category; a person coming to work in the United States in an unlisted profession may not enter in TN status, regardless of the fact that his or her job has been recognized as a profession or a specialty occupation by USCIS in another context.

Eligibility for H-1B status does not therefore translate automatically into eligibility for TN status, and the preparation of a TN application requires an approach quite distinct from that involved in the preparation of an H-1B petition. One of the more important distinctions between the TN and H-1B categories, which directly affects the availability of TN status for persons who customarily would seek H-1B status, lies in the differing analysis applied by government officers to determine professional status under each category. For clients contemplating the use of the TN category as an alternative to the H-1B category, these differing analysis must be taken into account in determining whether a position for which an H-1B petition would have been filed is one that can be accommodated under the TN category.

CBP and State Department officers reviewing TN applications must operate deductively, in the sense that they will draw a conclusion from a set of given premises. This analysis, in which form takes precedence over substance, often requires more than a surface screening of an application to ensure that the relevant criteria are met (e.g., all hotel managers with degrees in hotel management are admissible in TN status; this person is a hotel manager and has a degree in hotel management; therefore, he is admissible in TN status).

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As many readers know, H1B status holders in the US, may apply for visa stamp in Canada. This way avoiding a costly trip the country of origin. Such applicants are called Third Country Nationals.

The US Consulate General in Cananda ACCEPTS the following types of NIV applications from Third Country National (TCN) applicants:

Applicants seeking to renew their C1/D, D, E , F, H (except H-2), I, J, L, M, O, P and R visas, regardless of where the original visa was issued. Certain visa applicants may be subject to additional administrative processing.

USCIS has not extended its temporary accommodation for delays in the labor condition application (LCA) process. Earlier, USCIS agreed to accept H-1B petitions without a certified LCA, in certain situations, for a limited time. This exception was available from November 5, 2009 to March 9, 2010. The USCIS has declined to extend this exception. Accordingly, all H-1B petitions must be filed with the certified LCA otherwise USCIS will deny the H-1B petition or extension.

Hence, it again is necessary to have an Approved LCA in place for the proper location at the time of the H-1B filing. The reason the exception was not extended is that the DOL assured USCIS that LCAs are being processed within the required seven-day processing time. The DOL, in fact, stated that LCAs are being processed within four to five days which is in fact true as well. It is our suggestion to plan accordingly.

We are very busy these days trying to beat the H1B rush. While we fell that visas will not run out on April 1, 2010, clients are anxious to get their cases out the door. We promise to deliver.

Here are some tips that may help our last minute filers. The issue today is a degree that has not yet been awarded. In the past, the USCIS has approved H-1B petitions for aliens seeking one of the 20,000 H-1B visas available to aliens who have earned master’s or higher degrees from U.S. institutions of higher education, where the alien has completed all requirements for the degree, and hence, has “earned” the degree, but the degree has not been conferred.

There is no reason to believe that USCIS will not continue that practice, so long as there is evidence that the alien has completed all requirements from an official at the educational institution qualified to provide that information. In the past, satisfactory evidence often was in the form of a letter from an official such as a Dean, Registrar, or department head, stating that all requirements have been satisfied and that the alien is simply waiting for the ceremonial conferral of the degree.

Many clients call our office for immigration assistance and begin by telling us that they wants to do business in the United States. The most popular visa to reach this goal is the E2 Visa. An E-2 visa is a nonimmigrant visa available to an individual investor from a country that has a joint investment, or commerce and navigation treaty with the United States.

One of the first steps is to determine the best type of legal entity for immigrant investors’s conduct of business in the United States.

This post addresses the basic elements of the following five business entities: sole proprietorship, corporation (C corporation and S corporation), partnership (general and limited), limited liability partnership, and limited liability company. Each entity has its own advantages, disadvantages, and tax implications, and it will be important for you to understand the purposes and objectives of the proposed business prior to determining which type is most appropriate. Choosing the right legal entity can help to minimize the owner’s liability for obligations of the business.

The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) issued a memo dated January 8, 2010 that has great importance for the IT consulting industry and H1B filers in general. This memo specifies how USCIS personnel should determine the existence of the required employer-employee relationship when adjudicating H1B petitions. The memo, issued by Associate Director of Service Center Operations, Donald Neufeld, provides guidance regarding the type of evidence that sufficiently confirms the existence of an employer-employee relationship between an H1B-petitioning employer and the beneficiary. We have posted an article on this issue in the past, click here for more details.

In this post we will focus on H-1B Entrepreneurs/Job Creators. The Neufeld Memo contains additional language that completely undermines a business owner’s ability to be an H-1B beneficiary. This thrust against owner-beneficiaries can foreclose opportunities, not only for the potential new businesses that could be created by H-1B entrepreneurs, but also for the numbers of U.S. workers who would otherwise be employed by those businesses.

No matter how many others are employed by an entrepreneur’s enterprise, the owner of such a business will not be eligible for an H-1B visa even if (1) a viable corporation is established; (2) there is no third-party placement; (3) the corporate petitioner pays the beneficiary; (4) the corporate petitioner claims the beneficiary for tax purposes, and (5) the beneficiary produces goods or services tied directly to the petitioner’s business.

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced today that it will begin accepting H-1B petitions subject to the fiscal year (FY) 2011 cap on April 1, 2010. Cases will be considered accepted on the date that USCIS takes possession of a properly filed petition with the correct fee; not the date that the petition is postmarked.

The fiscal year cap (numerical limitation on H-1B petitions) for FY 2011 is 65,000. Additionally, the first 20,000 H-1B petitions filed on behalf of individuals who have earned a U.S. master’s degree or higher are exempt from the H-1B cap.

USCIS will monitor the number of petitions received and will notify the public of the date on which USCIS received the necessary number of petitions to meet the H-1B cap. If needed, USCIS will randomly select the number of petitions required to reach the numerical limit from the petitions received on the final receipt date. USCIS will reject cap-subject petitions that are not selected, as well as those received after the final receipt date.

Great tip from AILA for our H1B filers trying to beat the rush. Because you cannot submit an LCA earlier than six months prior to the beginning date of the period of intended employment (20 CFR § 655.730(b)), if you want your LCA in hand before April 1, then set your employment start date on the LCA for a date in September, and set the expiration date for a date no more than three years hence. File the I-129 with a start date of October 1, but with an expiration date that coincides with the expiration date of the LCA. You will lose a couple of days on the back end of the petition by doing this, but you will get the LCA filed and back before April 1.

Example:

LCA start date: 9/1/10